The mine will be developed at Uranium One's Honeymoon Uranium Project, near Broken Hill in South Australia, at a capital cost of A$66m or R401m.
"Construction work on infrastructure at the Honeymoon site will be carried out according to our schedule of commencing production later this year," the company was quoted as saying by the Australian Associated Press (AAP).
The mine, which was rubber-stamped by the Uranium One board in August 2006, is expected to produce up to 400 tonnes of uranium oxide annually and generate about A$40m or R243m a year in exports.
Australia's fourth uranium mine will have a life of up to seven years. With nearly 40% of the world's uranium, Australia has the potential to make a major contribution to security in global energy supplies.
"Our industry remains optimistic that, over time, it will be able to expand operations to help meet the world's clean energy needs and, at the same time, help offset the cost of structural adjustment that may accompany Australia's own efforts to deal with its greenhouse emissions," Australian Uranium Association executive director Michael Angwin told AAP.
The Australian government's approval of the Honeymoon uranium mine comes after last year's decision by Australia's new federal government to ban the construction of nuclear power reactors, but allow additional exports of uranium to other countries.
Uranium One originally expected to start off production at Honeymoon in the first quarter of 2008, but in August said this would be delayed to the second quarter after a decision to modify the technology used in the treatment plant.