Electronic Arts bids for Take-Two

(Reuters) - Video game giant Electronic Arts on Sunday said it had made an unsolicited $1.9 billion offer for "Grand Theft Auto" publisher Take-Two Interactive Software, escalating its battle with Activision for the title of biggest video game maker.

Electronic Arts said it had pursued the deal privately since December, and Take-Two on Sunday immediately rejected the offer, a 50 percent premium to its Friday close, and accused EA of trying to scoop up a company in turnaround with an "inadequate" bid just before the publication of its next hit.

The $26-per-share all-cash bid is Electronic Arts' answer to Activision Inc's $18 billion acquisition of the gaming unit of French media and telecoms giant Vivendi. That combination, announced last November, is set to challenge EA's long-standing industry dominance.

Electronic Arts, publisher of blockbuster games like "Madden" and "Need for Speed," would become the largest sports game maker by far if it buys Take Two.

The offer follows months of speculation that Take-Two would be acquired by a major games publisher or media firm, with News Corp and Viacom often mentioned as possible suitors as they eye the fast-growing video game industry.

Take-Two said the offer valued it at a "significant discount" to peers. EA's offer would be about 18 times its expected fiscal 2008 earnings, while France's Ubisoft trades at 34 times expected earnings in the year ending March 2009 and Activision, with a similar year, trades at 24 times.

Take-Two Chairman Strauss Zelnick, who helped oust former management last March after it was laid low by accounting scandals and controversy over its games, said he hadn't ruled out a potential deal.

 

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Visa sets possible record $18.8 billion IPO

(Reuters) - Visa Inc, the world's largest credit-card network, on Monday said it may raise up to $18.8 billion in its eagerly awaited public sale of shares, which could make it the largest initial public offering ever.

The company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to sell 406 million Class A shares at $37 to $42 each, resulting in proceeds of $15 billion to $17.1 billion. It said it might sell another 40.6 million shares to meet demand, boosting the potential size of the IPO to $18.8 billion.

A successful IPO would surpass the $10.6 billion offering in 2000 by AT&T Wireless Group.

San Francisco-based Visa plans to list its shares on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "V."

The timing of Visa's offering is risky, as worries that the U.S. economy might be entering a recession have chilled investor demand for stocks and IPOs.

But shares of smaller rival MasterCard Inc (MA.N: Quote, Profile, Research) have more than quintupled since that card network went public in a $2.4 billion IPO in May 2006.

"MasterCard has been an explosive stock, and investors may hope Visa will be the same," said Steve Roukis, a managing director at Matrix Asset Advisors Inc in New York, which invests $1.7 billion.

Visa intends to set aside $3 billion of net proceeds to cover a wide variety of antitrust and other litigation.

 

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Cheap Palm Oil May Overtake Soy on Rising Asia Demand

(Bloomberg) -- Palm oil, the world's most-used cooking oil, is also the cheapest, a discrepancy that won't last long as demand rises across Asia's biggest countries.

An ingredient in curries, stir-fries and Skittles candy, Malaysian palm oil costs 15 percent less than soybean oil on the Chicago Board of Trade. Tobin Gorey, a commodity strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia Ltd. in Sydney, said the two may soon be even money, raising the prospect of at least a $1.5 million profit from a $10 million investment.

Rising incomes mean billions of people in Asia's developing economies seek palm oil for fried and processed foods, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Crude oil at $100 a barrel is boosting demand for alternative fuels such as diesel from vegetable oil. As consumption rises, supply in China may drop after the worst snowstorms in five decades damaged rapeseed crops in January, the government reported.

``We may have a case of mass shortage of vegetable oil in China,'' said Rudolphe Roche, a manager at Schroders Plc's $6 billion agricultural commodities fund in London. ``This means they will continue to import from the rest of the world.'' Palm oil, produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, will benefit the most because its proximity to China lowers shipping costs, he said.

Rising prices will increase expenses at Nissin Food Products Co., Japan's biggest instant-noodle maker, and increase profits at Kuala Lumpur-based Sime Darby Bhd., the world's largest publicly traded owner of palm plantations. About 36 percent of the world's cooking oil comes from oil palm, more than any other plant, USDA data show.

The Precedent

``Ninety-three percent of all the palm oil in the world is going to food demand,'' William Doyle, chief executive officer of fertilizer maker Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan Inc., said in a Feb. 19 interview. ``It's enormously powerful, and we don't see this backing off.''

The last time palm oil was this cheap, in April 2007, prices rallied for two months because of increasing demand, gaining 38 percent to 2,855 ringgit ($889) a metric ton on the Malaysia Derivatives Exchange to reach parity with Chicago prices. Contracts for May delivery ended at 3,698 ringgit a ton (52 U.S. cents a pound) on Feb. 22 in Malaysia. May soybean oil finished at 63.02 cents a pound on the CBOT.

Palm oil and soybean oil reached records today. Palm oil rose as much as 5.8 percent to 3,914 ringgit a ton and closed 4.5 percent higher at 3,866 ringgit, the biggest gain since Dec. 26, 2006. Soybeans advanced as much as 2.4 percent to 64.52 cents a pound and last traded at 64.29. That narrowed palm oil's discount to 16 percent from 17 percent.

Food Inflation

``There is no reason why the price of soybean oil and palm oil cannot be the same,'' said Edgare Kerwijk, chief financial officer for Biox Group BV in Rotterdam, which has put on hold plans for three biodiesel projects in the Netherlands and the U.K. due to higher prices. ``The discount will narrow'' for palm oil, he said.

U.S. manufacturers will increase consumption of soybean oil for energy by 22 percent to 3.4 million pounds in the year ending November, the USDA forecasts. The total equals 16 percent of U.S. use.

Soaring food prices are fueling inflation. China's consumer- price gains accelerated to 7.1 percent in January, the fastest pace in more than 11 years, the statistics bureau said Feb. 19. U.S. inflation quickened to 4.3 percent in January from 4.1 percent in December, the Labor Department said Feb. 20.

China's January snowstorms and rains, the worst in 50 years, affected as much as 48 million mu (7.9 million acres) of rapeseed crops, almost half the total area planted, the China National Grain and Oils Information Center said Feb. 14.

China, U.S.

China, the biggest annual buyer of cooking oils, raised palm oil imports 18 percent in January to 360,000 metric tons, compared with a year earlier, according to customs figures. India boosted imports 75 percent to 366,353 tons that month, and imports of all cooking oils may gain 15 percent to 5.4 million tons in the year ending Oct. 31, according to a Bloomberg News survey of six traders and analysts.

``With the strong demand coming from the substitution effect this year, the discount should narrow further from here,'' said Ben Santoso, a plantations analyst at the brokerage arm of DBS Group Holdings, Singapore's largest bank. He said palm oil may reach the same level as soy by June.

Even the U.S., the world's largest soybean grower and exporter, is buying more palm oil. Soyoil is hydrogenated in some foods to make them last longer on store shelves, a process resulting in trans-fats that may raise the risk of heart disease, according to the Food and Drug Administration.

``Trans-fats are a big reason for more palm oil imports,'' Anne Frick, a senior oilseed analyst for Prudential Financial Inc. in New York, said in a Feb. 20 e-mail.

 

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Stocks Advance in Europe, Asia, Led by UBS; U.S. Futures Fall

(Bloomberg) -- Stocks gained in Europe and Asia, led by financial companies, on speculation bond insurers will avoid a cut in their credit ratings and limit further losses related to subprime mortgages. U.S. index futures declined.

UBS AG and BNP Paribas SA led banks higher in Europe, while Millea Holdings Inc., Japan's biggest insurer, and Commonwealth Bank of Australia climbed in Asia. Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc gained on expectations Qatar Investment Authority may buy a stake, while Alliance & Leicester Plc jumped on speculation it may get a bid from Lloyds TSB Group Plc.

The MSCI World Index gained 0.7 percent to 1,458.88 as of 1:24 p.m. in London, while Standard & Poor's 500 Index futures slipped 0.1 percent. The MSCI World Financials Index jumped 1.3 percent, the most in almost two weeks, as investors speculated Ambac Financial Group Inc. may get new capital.

``We're making our way toward a rescue plan for Ambac,'' said Salah Seddik, who helps oversee $5.9 billion at Richelieu Finance in Paris. ``This is reassuring and good news for financial stocks. It means that in terms of writedowns, the worst is behind us.''

Speculation that companies in the bond-insurance industry may not be able to maintain the AAA credit ratings they rely on to insure about $2.4 trillion in securities has contributed to an 8.1 percent decline in the MSCI World this year.

Europe's Dow Jones Stoxx 600 Index advanced 1.3 percent, with all 18 national markets gaining. Germany's DAX added 1 percent, while France's CAC 40 rose 1.5 percent. The U.K.'s FTSE 100 jumped 1.4 percent.

Asian Indexes

The MSCI Asia Pacific Index climbed 1.4 percent. Japan's Nikkei 225 Stock Average increased 3.1 percent to 13,914.57, the highest close since Jan. 15.

UBS, Europe's largest bank by assets, rallied 2.5 percent to 36.58 Swiss francs. BNP Paribas, France's biggest bank, advanced 4.3 percent to 63.84 euros. Deutsche Bank AG, Germany's largest lender, gained 1.9 percent to 75.79 euros.

Millea jumped 8.9 percent to 4,030 yen, the most since Oct. 2. Commonwealth Bank, Australia's biggest mortgage lender, rose 4.9 percent to A$44.67.

Ambac may get $3 billion in new capital as part of a rescue agreement with banks, according to a person with knowledge of the discussions. Ambac spokeswoman Vandana Sharma declined to comment specifically on the discussions.

Bailout Plan

Stocks climbed in late trading in the U.S. on Feb. 22 after CNBC on-air editor Charles Gasparino said that a bailout may be announced this week, citing bankers working on the deal. Gasparino also said ``the entire deal could fall apart.''

``The efforts to prevent Ambac from collapsing will push the market up today, particularly financial stocks,'' said Erhan Aslan, a sales trader at Concord Investmentbank AG in Frankfurt.

Royal Bank of Scotland rallied 6.2 percent to 401.5 pence. The Qatari government is considering an investment in the U.K.'s second-largest bank, the Sunday Telegraph Business reported, citing unidentified people with knowledge of the matter.

Alliance & Leicester gained 7.4 percent to 547.5 pence, and Bradford & Bingley Plc jumped 7.2 percent to 202 pence.

Lloyds TSB, the biggest U.K. provider of personal loans, is in the ``early stages'' of assessing approaches to smaller rivals Alliance & Leicester and Bradford & Bingley, the Sunday Telegraph reported, citing unidentified people close to the bank.

 

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Reed to buy ChoicePoint, sell info division

(Reuters) - Reed Elsevier announced the acquisition of U.S. risk-management business ChoicePoint Inc for $4.1 billion including debt alongside its results, as well as a renewed cost-savings drive and the planned sale of an advertising-dependent information business.

Shares in Anglo-Dutch publisher Reed, which have outperformed the DJ Stoxx European media sector by 5 percent over the past year, jumped 6 percent to 619 pence on the news on Thursday.

The $4.1 billion for ChoicePoint comprises $3.5 billion in cash for the equity, at $50 per share, and 600 million pounds in debt. CheckPoint shares closed at $33.66 on Wednesday.

Reed said that combining ChoicePoint with its LexisNexis risk-information and its Analytics group would create a risk-management business with $1.5 billion in revenue and a leading position in a fast-growing market.

The London-based company said buying ChoicePoint had the unanimous backing of the U.S. company's board and now required shareholder and regulatory approval. ChoicePoint is based in Alpharetta, Ga. and employs around 5,500 people.

Reed also announced that it would divest its Reed Business Information (RBI) arm to reduce its exposure to cyclical advertising markets. The Reed exhibitions business will be kept.

Advertising accounts for around 60 percent of revenues at RBI, which itself generates around 20 percent of Reed's 4.6 billion pound group revenues.

 

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Dresdner Rescues $19 Billion SIV, Follows Citigroup

 (Bloomberg) -- Dresdner Bank AG, Germany's third- largest bank, agreed to rescue its $18.8 billion structured investment vehicle, joining Citigroup Inc. and HSBC Holdings Plc in bailing out funds crippled by the collapse of the subprime mortgage market.

Dresdner, a unit of Munich-based Allianz SE, will provide a credit line to enable the K2 fund to repay all of its senior debt, spokesman Ulrich Porwollik in Frankfurt said in a telephone interview. Dresdner will cut the size of the fund, which has been reduced from $31.2 billion since July, according to an e-mailed statement.

The bank is the last of the world's biggest financial institutions to put capital at risk salvaging a SIV from the seven-month freeze in credit markets. Banks including Citigroup, HSBC, Bank of Montreal and WestLB AG have disclosed plans to support their SIVs with $140 billion of assets.

``This is a potential threat to Dresdner Bank,'' said Thilo Mueller, managing director of MB Fund Advisory in Frankfurt. ``There is little liquidity for some of these assets and with comparative assets continuing to fall, you need to book further writedowns.''

SIVs, which use short-term borrowing to buy higher-yielding assets, have shrunk by $100 billion from $400 billion since August, according to Moody's Investors Service.

Exit Plan

``Allianz plans to exit K2 and the SIV business in general,'' Chief Financial Officer Helmut Perlet said today in an interview. ``The SIV business has no future.''

The fund, which Allianz expects will be wound down by year- end, is unlikely to cause a ``major negative hit'' if the assets are taken on to Dresdner's books because the company has the ``financial strength to sit out parts of the valuation declines,'' Perlet said.

Allianz's banking division, which is mostly Dresdner, wrote down more than 1.3 billion euros ($1.9 billion) on structured investment products, contributing to a 52 percent decline in fourth-quarter profit announced today. Europe's biggest insurer earned 665 million euros, missing the 729 million-euro median estimate of 12 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg.

Allianz, which has fallen 19 percent this year, rose 1.91 euros, or 1.61 percent, to 120.27 euros at 4:25 p.m. in Frankfurt trading.

No Subprime

K2, named after the world's second-highest mountain in the Himalayas, was started in 1999 by Paul Clarke and Alan Harley, who previously helped manage Europe's first SIVs at Citigroup.

The fund has no ``direct exposure'' to securities backed by subprime or midprime debt, the mortgages made to U.S. homeowners with poor or limited credit histories. K2 also doesn't contain collateralized debt obligations based on asset-backed notes, the statement said. CDOs are securities packaged from mortgage bonds and other assets.

One of the SIV's three portfolios has entered a ``restricted operating period,'' a rule designed to protect senior investors that prevents it making payments to lower- ranking bondholders. The credit line from Dresdner may enable K2 to end the restriction, K2 said in a separate statement today.

``Such an outcome, however, cannot be assured,'' the statement said. K2 didn't disclose the size of the portfolio.

SIV Defaults

The SIV bailouts avert the risk of forced sales of assets by the funds. Concern that fire sales by SIVs would further roil credit markets prompted U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson to begin talks on setting up an $80 billion rescue fund last year. Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New York and Charlotte, North Carolina-based Bank of America Corp. abandoned the so- called SuperSIV after banks began rescuing their own funds, led by London-based HSBC.

More than $20 billion of SIVs have defaulted after being forced to start winding down since August, including funds set up by New York-based Ceres Capital Partners LLC and Cheyne Capital Management (UK) LLP in London.

Whistlejacket Capital Ltd., set up by Standard Chartered Plc, may default today after the company's receiver, Deloitte & Touche LLP, froze debts last week. The London-based bank abandoned a rescue plan for SIV yesterday, prompting Moody's to downgrade Whistlejacket's senior debt rating by three steps to B2, five levels below investment grade.

``It's a positive signal that Dresdner is willing to step in and support its SIV, but the story is far from resolved as we saw with Standard Chartered's Whistlejacket SIV,'' said Henry Tabe, an analyst at Moody's in London. Moody's rates K2's senior debt at Aaa.

 

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Auction Debt Succumbs to Bid-Rig Taint as Citi Flees

(Bloomberg) -- The collapse of the auction-rate bond market, where state and local governments go to raise cash, demonstrates that regulators are no match for Wall Street.

Hundreds of auctions have failed this month, sending borrowing costs as high as 20 percent because dealers from Goldman Sachs Group Inc. to Citigroup Inc., UBS AG and Merrill Lynch & Co. stopped using their own capital to support the sales. Regulators, who allowed the manipulation of bids and lack of information to persist even after two probes in the past 15 years, are now watching a $342 billion market evaporate at the expense of taxpayers.

Inadequate disclosure ``may have masked the impact of broker-dealer bidding on rates and liquidity,'' Martha Haines, head of the Securities and Exchange Commission's municipal office, said in an interview. ``The large numbers of recent auction failures, which are reported to have occurred due to a reduction in bidding by broker-dealers, appears to indicate those concerns were well founded.''

Citizens Property Insurance of Tallahassee, Florida, a state-run insurer that protects homeowners against hurricane losses, is a casualty. The rate Citizens pays on a portion of the $4.75 billion in securities it has sold jumped to 15 percent from 5 percent at an auction run by UBS that failed on Feb. 13.

No `Backstop'

``The banks were the backstop,'' said Sharon Binnun, the chief financial officer of Citizens. ``If you had more sell orders than buy orders, they'd pick up the difference and you wouldn't have a failed auction.''

Officials at Goldman, Citigroup, UBS and Merrill declined to comment. All the firms are based in New York, except UBS, which is located in Zurich. UBS told its brokers this month that it won't buy bonds that fail to attract enough bidders, and Merrill said it was reducing its purchases.

Auction-rate securities are long-term bonds whose interest resets every seven, 28 or 35 days at bidding run by a dealer who collects a fee of about 25 basis points. Unlike Treasuries or stocks, there is no daily source of information about auction- rate bonds. Issuers have relied on banks to be buyers of last resort when bidders couldn't be found at their auctions.

Since the first of the securities were sold in 1984 for American Express Co., the market has expanded as investors sought the bonds as a higher-yielding alternative to money funds.

SEC Fines

Along the way, New York-based Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. was fined $850,000 in 1995 by the SEC for manipulating auctions conducted for American Express. Almost two years ago, 15 securities firms paid the SEC $13 million to settle claims of bid-rigging in auction-rate bonds. The banks neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing.

While the SEC required dealers to disclose that they may use insider knowledge to place bids, they don't have to say how frequently they bid or how much. Dealers also aren't obligated to disclose rates on auction debt when the securities trade.

The settlement didn't go far enough because it still deprives investors of information they need to make informed bids, said Joseph Fichera, chief executive of Saber Partners LLC, an advisory firm in New York.

``Investors aren't sure they can sell the bonds when they want,'' Fichera said.

Aside from the fines, the market worked smoothly until November, when investors began pulling back from all except the safest of government debt as losses on securities tied to subprime mortgages began infecting other parts of the credit market.

Subprime Contagion

Wall Street firms, reeling from $146 billion in losses on their debt holdings, became unwilling to commit their own capital to support auctions that don't attract enough bidders.

``It's more a liquidity issue, I don't think there's a concern here about these entities being able to repay their debts,'' said Tony Crescenzi, chief bond-market strategist in New York at Miller Tabak & Co., in an interview today with Bloomberg Radio. ``These auction-rate securities are proving to no longer be viable, and we'll see them diminish in scope and size as we go forward.''

A month ago, it was ``unthinkable'' that the banks wouldn't intervene to support auctions, said Steven Brooks, executive director of the North Carolina State Education Assistance Agency. ``I had certainly hoped and believed that that liquidity was there and was an important part of why this marketplace was good for investors and good for issuers.''

From 1984 through 2006, only 13 auctions failed, typically because of changes in the credit of the borrower, according to Moody's Investors Service. There were 31 failures in the second half of 2007, and 32 during a two-week period beginning in January.

`Ugly' Market

``It's ugly,'' said Luis I. Alfaro-Martinez, finance director for the Government Development Bank of Puerto Rico, which saw the rate it pays on $62 million of debt rise to the maximum of 12 percent set out in documents governing the bonds, from 4 percent at a Feb. 12 auction handled by Goldman. ``It's getting uglier.''

The average rate for seven-day municipal auction bonds rose to a record 6.59 percent on Feb. 13 from 4.03 percent the previous week, according to indexes compiled by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.

The higher rates drove California, the biggest borrower in the municipal bond market, to decide to replace $1.25 billion of auction-rate bonds with traditional debt.

 

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Sharper Image Files for Bankruptcy Following Losses

(Bloomberg) -- Sharper Image Corp., the seller of $300 electric shavers and $1,999 massage chairs, filed for bankruptcy protection after losing money in 11 of the last 13 quarters.

The 31-year-old retailer will shed 90 stores while it deals with a ``severe liquidity crisis,'' Chief Financial Officer Rebecca Roedell said in papers filed last night in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Wilmington, Delaware. Sharper Image has lost more than $135 million since early 2005 on bad publicity stemming from lawsuits over its Ionic Breeze air purifiers and ``ever-tightening'' credit markets, the company said.

Former Chairman Richard Thalheimer founded Sharper Image in 1977 and built it into a company with 184 stores by selling gadgets such as the Ionic Breeze and $100 shaving mirrors. By January, sales had fallen every quarter for three years, and the San Francisco-based retailer brought in turnaround specialists to run the company last week.

The chain ousted Thalheimer, 59, in 2006 after losing more than three-quarters of its stock market value. Sharper Image, which peaked at $39.98 in February 2004, traded at 40 cents at 11:39 a.m. in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading.

The company listed assets of $251.5 million and debt of $199 million and is in negotiations to sell its most unprofitable stores and inventory. It competes with Brookstone Inc. and New York-based Hammacher Schlemmer.

Another retailer, Virginia Beach, Virginia-based catalog company Lillian Vernon Corp., also filed for bankruptcy protection with a plan to sell its assets to help pay creditors.

 

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Port Authority Auction Bonds Reset at 8% After Surge

(Bloomberg) -- Interest rates on $100 million of bonds issued by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey were set at 8 percent in a weekly auction after surging to 20 percent on Feb. 12.

Rates had soared from 4.3 percent when too few buyers bid for the so-called auction-rate debt and Goldman Sachs Group Inc., which runs the auction, refused to put up its own capital to buy unwanted securities. That caused the yield to be set at a level predetermined in bond documents. Rates fell yesterday as the prospect of high yields enticed investors, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Rates in the more than $300 billion market for auction-rate debt are rising after banks including Citigroup Inc. and Goldman stopped bidding for the debt at periodic sales they oversee, prompting hundreds of so-called failures. Some investors, including OppenheimerFunds Inc., see an opportunity in the turmoil and are buying the bonds.

``Twenty percent was such an unusually high number,'' said Judy Wesalo Temel, director of credit research at Samson Capital Advisors LLC, a fixed-income manager in New York. ``I wouldn't say that the whole market has calmed down or has even begun to function normally yet. It hasn't.''

Yesterday, a Citigroup-run auction of $25 million of federally taxable debt issued by Vermont's student loan agency failed, causing the rate to remain at 18 percent for the second week in a row. The debt paid 4.5 percent as recently as Feb. 11.

Port Authority Rates

The 8 percent rate on the federally taxable Port Authority debt is still above the range of 4 percent to 5.70 percent the agency paid until this month. Port Authority Treasurer Anne Marie Mulligan didn't return a call for comment; Goldman spokesman Michael DuVally declined to comment.

Auction-rate bonds are long-term debt with interest rates that reset according to bids submitted through securities firms every seven, 28 or 35 days. When there aren't enough bids, the auction fails and the rate is set at a level spelled out in bond documents. Investors who expected to sell the debt are left holding the securities.

Until the past two weeks, bankers who ran auctions prevented failures by purchasing bonds for their own account, though they weren't required to do so. Investors grew wary of relying on bankers to support auctions as the investment firms reported more than $146 billion of losses and writedowns.

Rising Average

The average rate for seven-day municipal auction bonds rose to a record 6.59 percent on Feb. 13 from 4.03 percent the previous week, according to indexes compiled by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.

Regulators allow dealers to bid when they choose, and to control auction information as long as they disclose that they might submit bids. Bankers don't have to say how often they buy or how much, and aren't required to make public the range of bids or when auctions fail.

Last week, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer cited the high rate on the Port Authority's auction-rate bonds in testimony on bond insurers before a House subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance and Government. Insurers such as MBIA Inc. and Ambac Financial Group Inc. that back the debt are struggling to raise capital after taking more than $8 billion in writedowns related to mortgage-linked securities they guaranteed.

``The higher max rate stuff is starting to get some traction,'' said Matt Dalton, chief executive officer of Belle Haven Investments, a money management firm based in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Massachusetts Tolls

Drivers on the Massachusetts Turnpike may face higher tolls after the state was unable to sell auction-rate securities backed by a unit of Ambac, according to state officials. The turnpike is now trying to buy a letter of credit from State Street Bank and Trust Co. and KBC Group NV so it can sell variable-rate demand obligations by mid-March instead of auction-rate securities, an advisor for the Turnpike told the agency's board yesterday.

``That is a very significant financial obligation, probably our biggest short-term problem,'' Alan LeBovidge, the turnpike authority's executive director, said at the state agency's monthly board meeting yesterday.

Auction-Rate Proposal

The Securities and Exchange Commission fined banks in a settlement over bid-rigging two years ago. The U.S. municipal bond market's main regulator, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, plans to propose rules requiring banks to disclose more, including the rate, bidding details and information about failures.

Auction-rate securities were introduced in the corporate market in 1984, when American Express Co. sold $300 million of auction preferred stock. The securities, devised by Ronald Gallatin, a retired managing director at Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., then Shearson Lehman, were used by banks and other companies before auction difficulties prompted many companies to move away from them.

American Express retired its issue in 1991-1992, and in 1995 Lehman was fined $850,000 by the SEC for manipulating auctions conducted for American Express.

The first failed auction in the municipal market occurred in 1990 for bonds issued by the Pima County, Arizona, Industrial Development Authority for Tucson Electric Power Co., now a unit of UniSource Energy Corp., based in Tucson.

 

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Arctic Circle's oil-rich seabeds - Trillion Dollar Potential

MBIA Former Chief Returns as Credit Rating Cut Looms

(Bloomberg) -- MBIA Inc., the world's largest bond insurer, brought back former Chief Executive Officer Joseph Brown to run the company and expedite talks with regulators to help preserve its AAA credit rating.

Gary Dunton, who succeeded Brown as CEO in 2004 and added the title of chairman last year, will leave the company, Armonk, New York-based MBIA said today in a statement.

Brown, 59, will be tasked with forging a plan to restructure and revive MBIA, which has recorded losses of more than $5 billion on subprime-mortgage securities, threatening its credit rating and sending its shares plunging 83 percent in the past year. New York Insurance Superintendent Eric Dinallo said last week bond insurers may need to be split into two businesses to protect more than $1 trillion of insured municipal debt from subprime losses.

``MBIA faces meaningful challenges,'' Brown said in the statement. Brown said he is seeking to ``frame a new model,'' for MBIA.

Brown said he has already discussed MBIA's plans with Dinallo who provided ``helpful guidance.'' Dinallo, who is taking the lead among the nation's insurance regulators, brought in Warren Buffett to start a new insurer and also asked the billionaire investor to value the guarantors' municipal business.

Insurers Splitting

FGIC Corp., the third-largest bond insurer, sought permission to split up last week. Dinallo said MBIA and Ambac Financial Group Inc., the market leaders, may do the same if they can't raise capital.

The companies and Security Capital Assurance Ltd. insure about $580 billion of asset-backed debt, including collateralized debt obligations that package bonds into new securities.

MBIA, New York-based Ambac and FGIC of New York are struggling after more than $8 billion in losses tied to the slumping value of subprime debt.

MBIA rose 53 cents to $12.77 in early New York Stock Exchange trading. Ambac, down 88 percent this year, fell 24 cents to $9.98. FGIC is owned by New York-based leveraged buyout firm Blackstone Group LP and mortgage insurer PMI Group Inc. of Walnut Creek, California.

Under Dunton, 52, MBIA sold about $2.5 billion in the sale of shares and notes in the past three months.

 

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Foodmakers squeezed by costs, strapped consumers

(Reuters) - For more than a year, food makers and other consumer products companies have passed on much of the burden of rising commodity costs to consumers.

In fact, companies such as H.J. Heinz (HNZ.N: Quote, Profile, Research) and Hormel Foods Corp (HRL.N: Quote, Profile, Research) proved again with earnings forecasts and announcements on Friday that this was still the case early this year, fueling a rally in food stocks.

But that relief could prove short-lived, as 2008 could be the year consumers say "enough!" and start shunning branded products for less expensive private-label alternatives, industry experts warn.

"The next round of (increases) will actually start to impact consumer behavior in a profound way," Ken Harris, a principal at consulting firm Cannondale Associates, said.

That could hit profits at the companies that already have exhausted most measures to cut costs and become more efficient over the past several years in the wake of soaring prices for wheat, cocoa, milk and energy, just to name a few.

"When you say input costs are going up 6 percent and you are only getting 4 percent net pricing, where do you make up the rest?" asked Gregg Warren, an analyst at Morningstar.

Rising commodity costs and economically stressed consumers are expected to be the key topics when consumer products company executives meet with analysts at the Consumer Analyst Group of New York conference in Florida that begins Tuesday.

 

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Penny-pinching shoppers boost Wal-Mart profit

(Reuters) - Wal-Mart Stores (WMT.N: Quote, Profile, Research) posted better-than-expected quarterly profit on Tuesday as penny-pinching U.S. shoppers scoured its discount stores for low prices on necessities like food to offset tough economic conditions.

"We know that the economy remains a critical factor in this new fiscal year," said Lee Scott, CEO of the world's largest retailer, in a statement. "Customers were more cautious in their spending in January."

For the first quarter, it forecast sales at its U.S. stores open at least a year, a key retail gauge known as same-store sales, to be flat to up 2 percent, citing the "challenging" economic environment.

Net income rose 4 percent to $4.096 billion, or $1.02 per share, for its fiscal fourth quarter ended January 31, from $3.94 billion, or 95 cents per share, a year earlier.

The most recent quarter's results included charges of 3 cents per share for dropped real estate projects and a restructuring charge for its Japanese operations, and a 1 cent per share benefit from the sale of certain real estate properties.

Excluding the items, Wal-Mart reported earnings of $1.04 per share, above analysts' average estimate of $1.02 per share, according to Reuters Estimates.

 

Read more at Reuters

Toshiba to give up on HD DVD, end format war: source

(Reuters) - Toshiba Corp (6502.T: Quote, Profile, Research) is planning to give up on its HD DVD format for high definition DVDs, conceding defeat to the competing Blu-Ray technology backed by Sony Corp (6758.T: Quote, Profile, Research), a company source said on Saturday.

The move will likely put an end to a battle that has gone on for several years between consortiums led by Toshiba and Sony vying to set the standard for the next-generation DVD and compatible video equipment.

The format war, often compared to the Betamax-VHS battle in the 1980s, has confused consumers unsure of which DVD or player to buy, slowing the development what is expected to be a multibillion dollar high definition DVD industry.

Toshiba's cause has suffered several setbacks in recent weeks including Friday's announcement by U.S. retailing giant Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT.N: Quote, Profile, Research) that it would abandon the HD DVD format and only stock its shelves with Blu-ray movies.

A source at Toshiba confirmed an earlier report by public broadcaster NHK that it was getting ready to pull the plug.

"We have entered the final stage of planning to make our exit from the next generation DVD business," said the source, who asked not to be identified. He added that an official announcement could come as early as next week.

No one answered the phone at Toshiba's public relations office in Tokyo.

 

Read more at Reuters

Bayer, Onyx Stop Cancer Trial on Higher Death Rate

(Bloomberg) -- Bayer AG, Germany's biggest drugmaker, and U.S. partner Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. stopped a late-stage test of their Nexavar cancer drug in lung tumors because of a higher death rate among some of the patients.

 

An independent committee that monitors trials advised the companies that the treatment wouldn't meet the main goal of the test, Leverkusen-based Bayer said today in a statement on PRNewswire.

 

Read more at Bloomberg

 

Bond Insurer Split May Trigger Lawsuits, Analysts Say

(Bloomberg) -- Regulators' plans to break up bond insurers into ``good'' businesses covering municipal debt and ``bad'' businesses liable to subprime-related losses may trigger ``years of litigation,'' Bank of America Corp. analysts said.

New York Insurance Department Superintendent Eric Dinallo and New York Governor Eliot Spitzer said last week that insurers may need to be divided if they can't raise enough capital to compensate for losses on subprime-mortgage guarantees. FGIC Corp., the fourth-largest of the so-called monoline insurers, asked to be split on Feb. 15 after Moody's Investors Service cut the Stamford, Connecticut-based company's top Aaa ranking.

``Despite the regulatory interest in separating the exposures, the essential fact remains that all policy holders, whether municipal or structured finance, entered into contracts backed by the entire entity,'' analysts led by Jeffrey Rosenberg in New York wrote in a note to investors dated Feb. 15. A breakup is ``likely to lead to significant legal challenges holding up the resolution of the monoline issues for years.''

FGIC, owned by Blackstone Group LP and PMI Group Inc., insures about $314 billion of debt, including $220 billion in municipal bonds. The company said last week it applied for a license from New York state insurance regulators to create a standalone municipal company and separate the unit that guarantees subprime-mortgage bonds and related securities that led to rating downgrades.

New York-based Ambac Financial Group Inc., the second- largest bond insurer, may also seek a split, the Wall Street Journal reported today, citing a person familiar with the situation.

 

Read more at Bloomberg

U.S. Stock-Index Futures Fall; Bear Stearns, Caterpillar Drop

(Bloomberg) -- U.S. stock-index futures fell after analysts said banks face up to $203 billion more in credit writedowns and former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan warned the economy is on the verge of a recession.

Futures extended declines after a Fed report showed manufacturing in New York unexpectedly declined for the first time in almost three years and the Labor Department said prices of imported goods climbed more than economists had forecast.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Bear Stearns Cos. dropped after UBS AG said banks are at risk of further losses as bond insurers such as MBIA Inc. and Ambac Financial Group Inc. face credit-ratings cuts. Caterpillar Inc., the world's largest maker of earthmoving machines, led a decline in industrial shares after Greenspan said the economy may shrink for the first time in six years. European stocks fell and Asia's benchmark rose.

``The banks are now looking into the headlights like worried rabbits,'' said David Buik, market analyst at BGC Partners in London, in an interview with Bloomberg Television. ``They don't know how much money they've lost, the size of their balance sheets has collapsed.''

 

Read more at Bloomberg

Fed will act as needed to combat risks: Bernanke

(Reuters) - Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said on Thursday the central bank will act as needed to help the struggling economy, but said the Fed has to be mindful that growth should pick up later in the year.

"The (Federal Open Market Committee) will be carefully evaluating incoming information bearing on the economic outlook and will act in a timely manner as needed to support growth and to provide adequate insurance against downside risks," Bernanke said in remarks prepared for delivery to the Senate Banking Committee.

Read more at Reuters

Kerviel's Fimat Broker Denies Knowledge of Unauthorized Bets

(Bloomberg) -- Fimat broker Moussa Bakir said he had no knowledge of any wrongdoing by Jerome Kerviel, distancing himself from the trader blamed by Societe Generale SA for a loss of 4.9 billion euros ($7.2 billion).

``I gave two or three pieces of advice to Jerome,'' he told police during a 48-hour interrogation between Feb. 7 and Feb. 9, according to Isabelle Montagne, the spokeswoman for the Paris prosecutors' office.

Bakir, 32, named a material witness in the Kerviel probe, was questioned after Societe Generale provided financial police with e-mail exchanges between the two men. Kerviel passed his trades through Fimat, which merged last month with Credit Agricole SA's futures brokerage to form a new entity, Newedge.

Societe Generale, France's second-largest bank, said Kerviel amassed 50 billion euros in authorized bets backed by fake hedges. It liquidated the positions in a three-day sell-off that resulted in the biggest trading loss in banking history. Kerviel, 31, has been charged with hacking into the bank's computers, falsifying documents and breach of trust. He is in police custody.

Bakir and Kerviel exchanged 164 text messages between Nov. 13 and Dec. 13, following queries from Eurex, Europe's biggest futures exchange, about the size of Kerviel's transactions, Montagne said. Kerviel had earlier told prosecutors he had been able to explain away Eurex's concerns.

More Questioning

Bakir's remarks to the financial police were reported today by Le Parisien. Bakir's lawyer, Jean-David Scemama, didn't return calls for comment.

``Between us, there was a kind of complicity you normally find in a professional context,'' Bakir told police, according to the prosecutors' spokeswoman. ``I knew he had a problem with his bosses without knowing why.''

Over the weekend, Le Nouvel Observateur reported on its Web site a series of e-mail exchanges between the two men, confirmed by a lawyer on the case, where Kerviel refers to ``our trades.''

In an Oct. 11 message, Kerviel asks Bakir, ``Did you speak to him about what we're doing?'' After Bakir says that the unidentified person ``returns tonight,'' Kerviel says: ``You didn't tell him about our trades, did you? Or else I'll knock your head off.''

Bakir, who was released on Feb. 9, may be called in for another round of interrogation, although a date has yet to be set, Montagne said.

Second Friend

Bakir's classification as a material witness shows that ``although the judge feels that there might be something there, there might be something against him, he has not made up his mind,'' said Stephane Bonifassi, a Paris-based lawyer and member of FraudNet, the International Chamber of Commerce's commercial crime unit.

The prosecutors' office also confirmed the Parisien report that a second friend of Kerviel's had received 1,218 calls from him in recent months and would be questioned soon.

Societe Generale said on Jan. 24 that it discovered Kerviel's bets on Jan. 18 and liquidated the positions between Jan. 21 and Jan. 23. The trading loss forced the bank to raise 5.5 billion euros by selling stock to replenish its capital.

Separately, a computer expert aiding Kerviel's lawyers said in an interview in Paris Match magazine today that the bank must have known about Kerviel's transactions.

``The bank could not have not known,'' Jean-Raymond Lemaire told the magazine, after spending a day with Kerviel to review his trades. Christophe Reille, a spokesman for Kerviel's legal team, confirmed his comments.

 

Read more at Bloomberg

UBS Won't Support Failing Auction-Rate Securities

(Bloomberg) -- UBS AG won't buy auction-rate securities that fail to attract enough bidders, joining a growing number of dealers stepping back from the $300 billion market, said a person with direct knowledge of the situation.

The second-biggest underwriter of the securities, whose rates are reset periodically at auctions, notified its 8,200 U.S. brokers of the decision yesterday, said the person, who declined to be identified because the announcement wasn't publicly disclosed. Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. allowed auctions to fail as mounting losses from the collapse of subprime mortgages causes capital markets to seize up.

Bank of America Corp. estimated in a report that 80 percent of all auctions of bonds sold by cities, hospitals and student loan agencies were unsuccessful yesterday. That may mean as much as $20 billion of bonds failed to find buyers, based on the $15 billion to $25 billion of auction-rate bonds scheduled for bidding daily, according to Alex Roever, a JPMorgan Chase & Co. fixed income analyst.

``We are kind of in uncharted territory right now,'' said Anne Kritzmire, a managing director for closed-end funds at Nuveen Investments in Chicago.

Auctions are failing as confidence in the creditworthiness of insurers backing the securities wanes, and as loss-plagued banks seek to avoid tying up their capital. More than 129 auctions failed yesterday, Kritzmire said.

Four-Fifths Fail

Rohini Pragasam, a spokeswoman for UBS, the second-biggest underwriter of municipal auction-rate debt after Citigroup in 2006 according to Thomson Financial, declined to comment. UBS, the dealer on the hospital corporation's auction, today posted the biggest-ever loss by a bank for the fourth quarter. The stock declined 2.34 francs ($2.12), or 5.7 percent, to 38.54 francs at 3:18 p.m. in Zurich.

Auction bonds have interest rates determined by bidding that typically occurs every seven, 28 or 35 days. When there aren't enough buyers, the auction fails and bondholders who wanted to sell are left holding the securities. Rates at failed auctions are set at a level spelled out in official statements issued at the initial bond sale.

Investors have little opportunity to judge the risk that auctions will fail because of little public disclosure about interest rates set at the periodic bidding or other details such as how many bids were submitted or how many bonds were offered for sale.

Reporting System Changes

The Municipal Securities Rulemaking board is working on changes to its trade reporting system that would reveal at least the interest rate on auction bonds when they are traded. Currently, only the price is disclosed.

``I think you need to have more transparency in terms of the market so that investors can judge liquidity risks and so that people, both retail investors and corporate investors, can decide where they want to put their money,'' Joseph Fichera, chief executive officer of Saber Partners, a New York based financial adviser to local governments, said in an interview on Bloomberg Television.

Until recently, UBS and other banks that collect fees for running auctions have stepped in with their capital to prevent failures when bidding faltered. These firms have grown unwilling to commit their money to auction-rate securities after suffering at least $133 billion in credit losses and mortgage writedowns stemming from the subprime mortgage collapse.

 

Read more at Bloomberg

Financial sector loses 52,500 jobs in 6 months

(Reuters) - Financial companies slashed 52,500 jobs from July to December 2007, revealing how badly the subprime debacle has hurt these employers, but such companies based in New York City hired 1,900 people during that period, a new report said on Wednesday.

However, the securities industry, which is concentrated in New York City, is just one sector of the overall financial arena that includes mortgage brokers and real estate credit companies.

Mortgage and real estate lenders tend to be located outside New York City, which helps explain why financial companies in the city were still adding staffers, explained New York City Comptroller William Thompson in a quarterly economic report.

However, many of New York City's securities companies have taken multibillion dollar write-downs from sinking subprime mortgage investments and they sliced 3,700 jobs in just the last three months of last year, the Democrat said.

 

Read more at Reuters

Retail sales rebound

(Reuters) - An unexpected rise in January retail sales, reported by the government on Wednesday, fired up hopes the U.S. economy might skirt recession despite the pressure on consumers from a weakening housing market.

The Commerce Department said sales at U.S. retailers rose 0.3 percent in January to a seasonally adjusted $382.91 billion on higher sales of new cars, gasoline and clothing.

That was sharply contrary to Wall Street analysts' forecasts for a 0.2 percent drop and helped drive stock prices higher in early trading while government bond prices fell.

"The report strengthens the case of those who think we'll skirt a recession," said Jim Awad, chairman of W.P. Stewart & Co. Ltd. in New York, but he cautioned the optimism might be short-lived.

"People will say this is subject to revision and it's inconsistent with other incoming data indicating softness and weakness in the economy," Awad said.

The dollar's value strengthened against other key currencies.

 

Read more at Reuters

Global Confidence Weakens for Third Month on Slowdown

(Bloomberg) -- Confidence in the global economy fell for a third month in February as the slowdown in the U.S. spread to Europe and Japan, a survey of Bloomberg users on five continents showed.

The Bloomberg Professional Global Confidence Index fell to 14.3 from 21.0 in January. Users in Asia were the most pessimistic about the global economy, with the index falling to 12.6 from 15.0. A reading below 50 indicates negative sentiment.

Global stocks have lost more than $6 trillion this year as credit dried up for some borrowers and the U.S. expansion stalled. After insisting Europe would weather the slowdown, European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet said last week uncertainty was ``unusually high,'' while Bank of Japan Governor Toshihiko Fukui may see his interest-rate increases reversed by his successor within months.

``First credit markets collapsed and that led to a banking crisis which has affected the real economies of all regions,'' said Jose Carlos Diez, chief economist at Intermoney SA in Madrid and a participant in the survey. ``We have yet to know when the slowdown of the global economy will end and I don't expect a recovery before the summer of 2009.''

The Bloomberg Professional Confidence Survey collated the responses of 6,878 Bloomberg users from Auckland to New York on the economic health of their region and the world. The survey was conducted from Feb. 4 to Feb. 8. The investors, traders and analysts were also asked about the outlook for their currencies, bonds, stocks and rates in the next 6 months. Participants answered questions in cities including Hong Kong, Zurich and London.

Pessimistic Americans

North American users were the most pessimistic about economic growth in their region, with the index falling to 19.3 from 19.6. Home sales in the world's largest economy fell at the fastest pace since at least 1963. While users in Asia were the least pessimistic, the index suffered the sharpest deterioration, falling to 43.5 from 51.1.

``We're already getting signs that things are deteriorating, but there's fear that things are going to get worse,'' said Samra Al-Harthy, an economist at Standard Chartered Plc in London.

In Europe, sentiment toward the world economy dropped to 12.9 from 17.3. Participants there also soured on their own economy, pushing the regional index down to 26.2 from 27.3.

IMF Lowers Forecast

The International Monetary Fund in January lowered its forecast for global economic growth this year to 4.1 percent, the lowest since 2003, from 4.4 percent predicted in October. The IMF said last year's increase in credit costs resulting from defaults on mortgages aimed at borrowers with poor credit histories is hurting the rest of the economy.

Financial institutions around the world face $400 billion of write-offs as a consequence of the U.S. subprime mortgage slump, according to Group of Seven estimates, German Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck said on Feb. 9.

UBS AG, Europe's largest bank by assets, last month posted the biggest loss ever by a bank after raising fourth-quarter writedowns to $14 billion. The world's biggest financial companies have booked more than $145 billion of writedowns and losses since the beginning of 2007, partly because of the declining value of securities backed by assets including U.S. subprime mortgages.

``The epicenter of this slowdown is clearly the U.S.,'' said Kathleen Stephansen, chief global economist at Credit Suisse in New York. Still, ``the credit crunch will be exported to Japan and, particularly, Europe.''

 

Read more at Bloomberg

Adcock boss suspended

(Fin24) - Consumer goods giant Tiger Brands says it will be extending its independent investigation into collusion allegations in its healthcaredivision into all its businesses.

"We will extend this investigation into every single business that we areinvolved in," Tiger Brands' non-executivechairperson Lex van Vught said ina statement.

"We are determined to find and root out any anti-competitive
or collusive practices," he said.

Also, the managing executive of Adcock Ingram Critical Care, Arthur Barnett,has been suspended by the board pending the conclusion of the independentinvestigation.

Van Vught said the company was "devastated" at the allegations.
 

Read more at Fin24

Rand regroups, gains nearly 1%

(Fin24) - The rand currency strengthened nearly one percent against the dollar and bonds also firmed, regrouping after a sharp fall over the past two weeks, as emerging market sentiment improved and stocks recovered further.

The local currency was trading at R7.71 to the dollar at 17:44 GMT, 0.9% stronger than its previous close in New York, after see-sawing between R7.6775 and R7.82 during the session.

Government bonds tracked the rand's move in relatively light trade, pulling back some of their sizable losses sparked by investor concern over an expected easing in economic growth.

Dealers said trade was largely flow-driven with dollar buying out of London early in the day paring gains before it drifted back on higher stocks and broader emerging market gains as those flows waned.

"Emerging markets are stronger, the dollar is weaker against the euro and local stocks are up on the Dow (Jones index) and we are just picking up that on the currency," ABN AMRO trader Paul Peter said.

"The slight correction today is on the back of the euro, the
JSE."
 

 

Read more at Fin24

Platinum sets lifetime high

(Fin24) - Platinum hit a record high for the ninth straight trading day on Tuesday as concerns deepened over output losses in top producer South Africa due to a power crisis, analysts said.

Gold fell as much as 1% as the dollar gained ground versus the euro after Warren Buffett told CNBC television that he had offered to take over the liabilities of monoline bond insurers. But the metal later pared losses.

Platinum rose to a high of $1 965 an ounce before falling to $1 943/1 950 by 17:50, against $1 933/1 941 in New York late on Monday.

"You know that platinum demand is increasing on the back of emission controls and you know that supplies are going to be squeezed. So it just makes sense to be long in this market," said Johannesburg-based Walter De Wet, analyst at Standard Bank.

"There might be slight over-reaction as everybody is on the bandwagon because of the recent price rise, but there is also some realisation that things are going to get tighter. We believe that the bias is on the upside."

Platinum's rally, which has sent prices up 30% in just three weeks, gained pace after Anglo Platinum, the world's biggest producer, said on Monday the power problem alone would cut output by as much as 120 000 ounces in 2008. It had already cost 30 000 ounces in lost output this year.

Northam Platinum said on Tuesday its production fell 16.5% to 150 755 ounces the July-December period of 2007 from a year earlier and saw its output at the same level in the next six months, provided mines got 90% power.

The market nervously awaits financial results of Impala Platinum, the world's second-biggest producer of the metal, on Thursday for more cues on total production losses.

"It's a chronic problem. It has been a deficit market for many years and it looks like it has returned to a significant deficit market again," said David Holmes, director of metals sales at Dresdner Kleinwort Investment Bank.

Mines across South Africa, which accounts for four-fifths of the world's supply of the metal, ground to a halt for five days at the height of the power crisis last month. Platinum is used in jewellery and auto catalysts to clean exhaust fumes.

Negotiations were under way for South African state-owned power utility Eskom to buy surplus electricity from local producers as part of its bid to solve the nation's energy crisis, Public Enterprises Minister Alec Erwin said on Monday.

A spokesperson at Eskom said the company was in discussions with the government to ensure sufficient funding to meet its expansion programme.
 

 

Read more at Fin24

U.S. Stocks Rise After Buffett Offers to Help Bond Insurers

(Bloomberg) -- U.S. stocks rose for a second day, led by financial shares, on expectations Warren Buffett, the world's No. 1 investor, will help calm credit markets by offering to shore up bond insurers' finances.

Citigroup Inc., Bank of America Corp. and JPMorgan Chase & Co., the three largest U.S. banks, climbed after Buffett said he's willing to take on $800 billion in municipal bond obligations in an interview with CNBC. Monsanto Co., the world's biggest seed producer, advanced for a third day on an increased profit forecast.

The Standard & Poor's 500 Index added 13.99 points, or 1 percent, to 1,353.12 at 12:29 p.m. in New York. The Dow Jones Industrial Average advanced 162.99, or 1.3 percent, to 12,403. The Nasdaq Composite Index climbed 15.24, or 0.7 percent, to 2,335.3. More than three stocks rose for every one that fell on the New York Stock Exchange. Shares in Europe and Asia also gained.

``It's another potential solution to some of the credit problems,'' Mark Bronzo, who helps manage $11 billion at Security Global Investors in Irvington, New York, said of Buffett's offer. ``That's why the markets are responding well.''

Concern that bond insurers don't have enough money to pay claims on the $2.4 trillion in assets they guarantee has contributed to a 7.4 percent drop in S&P 500 financial shares in 2008. MBIA Inc., the largest bond insurer, lost 80 percent of its value in the last year before today, and smaller rival Ambac Financial Group Inc. slumped 88 percent, on concern that the companies will lose their AAA credit ratings.

Buffett's Offer

Citigroup added 73 cents to $26.54. Bank of America rallied 66 cents to $42.80. JPMorgan climbed 46 cents to $43.81. Bear Stearns Cos., the fifth-biggest U.S. securities firm, increased 49 cents to $80.25.

Buffett said he offered to take on the municipal-bond liabilities of MBIA, Ambac Financial and FGIC Corp. Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. would provide so-called reinsurance for the debt, he said in an interview with CNBC television.

One company turned down the offer and the two others haven't responded, Buffett, chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., told CNBC.

MBIA slipped 79 cents to $12.79. Ambac lost 29 cents to $10.19. Buffett's offer doesn't include the insurers' subprime- related obligations.

'Project Lifeline'

Financial shares also climbed on plans to help delinquent homeowners avoid foreclosure. Bank of America, Citigroup and four other U.S. lenders announced a plan to offer a 30-day freeze on home foreclosures while loan modifications are considered. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and U.S. Housing and Urban Development Secretary Alphonso Jackson said today at a news conference in Washington that ``Project Lifeline'' would help stabilize communities disrupted by mortgage defaults.

Monsanto rallied $3.27, or 2.9 percent, to $117.30 after raising its 2008 profit forecast on higher demand for weed killer and genetically modified corn and soybeans. Profit in the year ending Aug. 31 will increase to $2.70 to $2.80 a share, 20 cents above the range of a Jan. 3 forecast.

Schlumberger Ltd. advanced $2.57 to $83.06 after Bear Stearns raised its recommendation on the world's largest oilfield-services provider to ``outperform'' from ``peer perform,'' saying the company's offshore drilling and exploration make it ``well positioned for the next phase of the oilfield service business cycle.''

Schering-Plough

Schering-Plough Corp. gained $1.16 to $21.78. The maker of Vytorin and Zetia cholesterol pills reported fourth-quarter profit, excluding some items, of 52 cents a share, beating the 27-cent average estimate of 17 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg.

General Motors Corp., the world's largest automaker, gained after reporting an adjusted fourth-quarter profit, not counting costs and gains the company considers one-time items, of 8 cents a share. On that basis, analysts estimated a loss of 64 cents. GM's net loss in the quarter was $722 million.

The Russell 2000 Index, a benchmark for companies with a median market value of $589 million, gained 9.80, or 1.4 percent, to 709.55, led by GMH Communities Trust. The provider of housing to students and the military surged the most since its initial public offering in 2004 after agreeing to be bought in two transactions for a total of $787 million. GMH added $3.13, or 56 percent, to $8.72.

NxStage Medical Inc. fell the most since its 2005 initial public offering, dropping $3.30, or 26 percent, to $9.45. The maker of portable dialysis systems said it expects a loss of as much as $1.52 a share in 2008, wider than the $1.06 loss estimated by analysts in a Bloomberg survey.

World Wrestling Entertainment

World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. climbed $1.16, or 7.6 percent, to $16.47. The producer of television's ``WWE Friday Night SmackDown'' reported fourth-quarter revenue and profit that was higher than the average analyst estimate as video sales and ticket prices increased.

 

Read more at Bloomberg

Platinum leaps over $1 900

(Fin24) - Platinum cleared the $1 900 an
ounce mark on Monday for the first time in its history as concerns of further supply disruptions due to power shortages continued to plague the market.

The precious white metal gained $27 to trade at $1 917.50 an ounce by 13:45 after hitting $1 890 in late after-market trade on Friday.

Additionally, Eskom's prediction that power supply problems were likely to continue for several weeks made "further gains seem inevitable with the metal potentially testing $2 000/oz in the not too distant future," said James Moore of TheBullionDesk.

South Africa's ongoing electricity concerns have already seen several precious metals producers warn that their output would drop in 2008, as Eskom restricted mines operating in the country to a power supply that equated to 90% of their average requirements.

 

Read moe at Fin24

SocGen launches rights issue at deep discount

(Reuters) - Societe Generale (SOGN.PA: Quote, Profile, Research) launched a 5.5 billion euros ($7.97 billion) capital increase on Monday to plug holes in its balance sheet following a rogue trading scandal.

The one-for-four rights issue at 47.50 euros per share offers a discount of 38.9 percent to Friday's closing price.

"The price is very low. The feedback from the market cannot have been very encouraging. As they can't miss this deal they decided to strike very low," said Landsbanki Kepler banking analyst Pierre Flabbee.

Fund managers contacted by Reuters last week had been looking for a discount of up to 30 percent.

The bank's shares fell 3 percent to 75.40 euros by 1156 GMT with France's benchmark CAC 40 index .FCHI down 0.5 percent.

SocGen revealed plans to tap investors on January 24 when it stunned the financial world with 4.9 billion euros of rogue trading losses blamed on a single trader.

 

Read more at Reuters

IMF sees sharp U.S. slowdown

(Reuters) - Economic slowdown in the United States will be significant and will last for some time, the head of the International Monetary Fund said on Monday, calling for a coordinated response to financial turmoil around the world.

While it was unclear how long the crisis facing international banks over subprime losses would last, complex financial links between regions may mean emerging economies could also be hit if the situation worsened, IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn said in a speech.

Uncertainties facing markets and policymakers included a possible worsening of the U.S. housing market, which would hurt consumption, and any more disclosures from European banks on losses resulting from the market turbulence.

"The problem is today we have unknown unknowns," he said at the start of a three-day visit to India.

Last month, the IMF cut its forecast for world growth this year in the face of continued stress in global credit markets, and warned that economic activity could slow even further.

The IMF chief said the main reasons for the revision were the weak growth outlook in the United States and Europe.

 

Read more at Reuters

Yang's $2 Blackjack Limit, EBay Failure Leave Yahoo Unprepared

(Bloomberg) -- Fourteen years after publishing his first guide to the Internet from a Stanford University trailer, Jerry Yang isn't ready to see his creation absorbed by the world's largest software company.

Yahoo! Inc.'s 39-year-old co-founder survived the dot-com bust and weathered failed efforts to challenge EBay Inc. in online auctions and Google Inc. in Web searches. He and the board plan to reject Microsoft Corp.'s $44.6 billion bid today, a person familiar with the decision said, leaving Yang to battle to keep his Sunnyvale, California-based company independent.

While the offer lifted Yang's net worth by more than a half-billion dollars, money means little to Yang, former executives say. He spent his career building the most-visited U.S. Web site. Yang took his first crack at being chief executive officer in June, aiming to reclaim the company's dominance on the Internet.

``It's his baby,'' said Steve Mitgang, a Yahoo senior vice president who left last year to run Web TV company Veoh Networks Inc. in San Diego. ``He wants to win, and he wants to fight to win.''

The board spent a week reviewing the $31-per-share offer before deciding it was too low, said the person, who declined to be identified because the discussions aren't public. Yahoo wants at least $40, the Wall Street Journal reported this weekend.

Yahoo spokeswoman Diana Wong said over the weekend the company doesn't comment on rumors or speculation. Microsoft spokesman Bill Cox declined to comment.

In rejecting the offer, Yang confronts Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer and Yahoo investors whose stock tumbled by half in the past two years. Redmond, Washington-based Microsoft's $31-a- share offer on Feb. 1 was 62 percent higher than Yahoo's price before.

`Uncouth' Name

In an e-mail to his 14,000 employees last week, Yang said Yahoo was weighing its options. Analysts including Gartner Inc.'s Andrew Frank in New York said alternatives like linking up with Google or News Corp. won't work. Investors like Firsthand Capital Management's Kevin Landis said Microsoft made a ``fair offer.''

Born in Taiwan, Yang was brought to the U.S. when he was 10. He worked in the Stanford library to help fund his undergraduate education.

Yang and David Filo cooked up what became Yahoo in 1994 as graduate students. ``Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web,'' used to keep track of their interests on the Internet, became a popular Web page in Silicon Valley. By the end of 1994, the site got more than 1 million hits a day.

Venture capital firm Sequoia Capital invested $2 million to help the duo build Yahoo, a name they picked because of its definition: ``rude, unsophisticated, uncouth.''

``He cares deeply about the thing he created in that trailer with Filo,'' said Rob Solomon, who worked at Yahoo for six years and is now CEO of the travel site SideStep Inc. in Santa Clara, California. ``They thought they could build a really big, new type of company, and they did.''

Too Rich

Yang wasn't available to comment, said spokeswoman Tracy Schmaler. Filo, responsible for the technical aspects of Yahoo's biggest sites, also wasn't available.

After Yahoo's initial public offering in 1996, sales jumped from $20 million to more than $1 billion in 2000 as advertisers rushed to tap the Internet's popularity. Yang and Filo were each worth more than $4 billion, according to Forbes magazine.

Wealth didn't turn Yang into a big spender, said John Cecil, a former Yahoo salesman. At a Las Vegas conference in 1998, the two were playing blackjack with Yahoo employees. Yang refused to bet more than $2 a hand, Cecil said.

``He said, `It's too rich for my blood,''' said Cecil, now president of the online ad company Innovate Media in Costa Mesa, California.

EBay Wins

Three years of surging sales lifted Yahoo's value past $100 billion, then the technology market crashed, wiping out 97 percent of Yahoo's worth. While the collapse sent Pets.com Inc. and Webvan Group Inc. into bankruptcy, Yahoo survived and began growing again in 2002.

Bigger competitors were emerging, crimping Yahoo's ability to expand beyond selling banner ads on Web pages. San Jose, California-based EBay became the dominant auction site. Google's search engine was pulling ad spending to a business that Yahoo lacked.

Solomon, 41, who ran the auction business, told Yang that Yahoo would be better suited investing elsewhere.

``The auction wars were won, and he didn't want to give up,'' Solomon said. ``That's not him being obstinate. It's him pushing us to come back with creative solutions and being tough.'' Yahoo closed the auction site last year.

 

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Credit Suisse Topples UBS, Dodges `Subprime Bullet'

(Bloomberg) -- Credit Suisse Group is earning more than UBS AG for the first time in almost a decade after Chief Executive Officer Brady Dougan avoided the writedowns that forced his rival to report the biggest-ever quarterly loss by a bank.

Credit Suisse may report tomorrow that net income fell 69 percent in the fourth quarter to 1.43 billion Swiss francs ($1.29 billion), according to the median estimate of 11 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg. UBS, which marked down $14 billion on securities infected by U.S. subprime mortgages, gives details of its 12.5 billion-franc quarterly loss on Feb. 14.

Dougan, a former derivatives trader who became Credit Suisse's CEO in May after making investment banking the company's most profitable unit, scaled back debt holdings before the slump led to more than $145 billion in writedowns and loan losses at the world's biggest banks. By contrast, Marcel Rohner was named UBS's CEO in July after three quarters of declining earnings, the collapse of a hedge fund and the ouster of his predecessor.

``Credit Suisse is clearly the better positioned of the two,'' said Florian Esterer, who helps oversee $56 billion at Swisscanto Asset Management in Zurich, where both companies are based. ``There are still some tough times ahead for UBS.''

UBS, the world's biggest wealth manager, said Jan. 30 it had a net loss of 4.4 billion francs in 2007, the first time it earned less than Credit Suisse since being created in a merger in 1998. Credit Suisse, which posted losses in 2001 and 2002, had an 8.65 billion-franc profit last year, analysts estimate.

Wall Street Losses

Credit Suisse earned about 1 billion francs in the fourth quarter and 8.2 billion francs in 2007, Sonntag newspaper said Feb. 10, citing an unidentified ``reliable source.'' Credit Suisse spokesman Marc Dosch declined to comment on the report.

Like New York-based Merrill Lynch & Co., Citigroup Inc. and Morgan Stanley, which also reported record losses in Wall Street's worst ever quarter, UBS has turned to sovereign funds to shore up its finances. The Swiss bank will seek shareholders' approval on Feb. 27 to sell 13 billion francs in bonds that will convert to shares to investors in Singapore and the Middle East.

Credit Suisse fell 0.1 percent to 57 francs at 11:04 a.m. in Zurich trading, and UBS declined 1.7 percent to 40.3 francs. UBS has dropped 50 percent in the past year, making it the fourth-worst performer in the 60-member Bloomberg Europe Banks and Financial Services Index. Credit Suisse is down 36 percent.

UBS is rated ``sell'' by 11 of 41 analysts tracked by Bloomberg, a rating awarded by six of 37 analysts covering Credit Suisse.

`Dodged the Bullet'

``I think Credit Suisse will have dodged the subprime bullet,'' said Dieter Buchholz, who helps manage $107 billion at AIG Private Bank in Zurich, including Credit Suisse shares. Chairman Walter Kielholz has signaled the bank probably won't have large charges in the quarter.

Credit Suisse's results may be more similar to those of Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank AG than UBS, Buchholz said. Germany's biggest bank said last week it avoided writedowns from the subprime market and reported a 44 million-euro ($64 million) markdown on leveraged loans.

Managers at Credit Suisse's SPS mortgage-servicing unit alerted the executive board more than a year ago to concerns about subprime assets. By the end of 2006, the company had originated about 40 percent fewer subprime mortgages than in 2005, according to Dougan.

``The hardest thing in all of these is not just seeing the issue but taking action,'' Dougan, 48, told business leaders in Zurich on Feb. 5. ``It's always very difficult to say no.''

 

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Ford May Cut 9,000 More U.S. Plant Jobs, Person Says

 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co., the world's third- largest automaker, may eliminate as many as 9,000 more U.S. factory jobs through its latest buyout offers, a person with direct knowledge of the situation said.

The cuts would be in addition to the 33,600 union workers who left through buyouts and early retirements in 2006 and 2007, when Ford lost a combined $15.3 billion. Further reductions may help Ford restore profit by speeding the hiring of new workers who would be paid about half as much as current employees.

``These are realistic numbers,'' said Harley Shaiken, a labor professor at the University of California at Berkeley. ``Workers are reassessing their options. It is a very tough choice.''

Ford doesn't have an estimate of how many workers will accept the buyouts, proposed to a first group of workers last month, the person said. The Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker won't limit the number who leave if more than the target range of 8,000 to 9,000 opt for the offers, the person said.

Marcey Evans, a Ford spokeswoman, declined to comment. Roger Kerson, a spokesman for the United Auto Workers union, didn't return telephone messages. The Detroit Free Press reported Feb. 9 that Ford had an internal target of 8,000, citing people familiar with the objective. That reduction would represent more than 12 percent of the carmaker's North American factory workers.

Ford's employment fell to 64,000 at the end of last year at North American plants from 99,500 two years earlier. That decline includes the 33,600 UAW-represented jobs shed through the buyout and retirement offers.

New Contract

Ford and the UAW in November agreed on a contract that permits the company to pay lower wages for new hires while keeping open five factories targeted for closure. Under the four-year agreement, Ford can pay up to 20 percent of its U.S. factory workers the reduced wage.

Under the accord, Ford's hourly costs for new workers will be $26 to $31, or about half the $60 expense for a current UAW member's wages and benefits.

Before any new, lower-paid workers can be hired, Ford must resolve the fate of workers at closed factories and at its Automotive Components Holdings unit. Automotive Components includes factories Ford took back from former parts subsidiary Visteon Corp. Most of those plants are being closed or sold, and some of the UAW-represented employees may go to Ford plants.

UAW workers at Automotive Components are eligible for buyouts. The outcome of the buyout program will determine how many of those employees are reassigned to Ford factories.

Ford has about 54,000 UAW-represented employees, with about 12,000 eligible to retire.

Savings

UAW President Ron Gettelfinger last month estimated that new contracts at Ford, General Motors Corp. and Chrysler LLC will save the automakers ``somewhere in the neighborhood'' of $1,000 per vehicle. Buyouts of higher paid workers will help Ford increase the number of new hires at lower wage levels.

Ford hopes to reach the 9,000 target through offers pending at four closed U.S. plants that will be broadened to other U.S. factories next week.

Workers at St. Louis; Edison, New Jersey; Norfolk, Virginia; and Atlanta began considering buyouts Jan. 22 and have a ``buyout window'' running through Feb. 28, Ford said Jan. 24 when it released 2007 year-end earnings. Workers from that group who accept buyouts are to leave the company by March 1.

Workers at those sites are being offered buyouts or relocation to other Ford plants. Workers who don't accept either choice will be placed on a ``no-pay, no-benefit leave,'' Ford's Evans said. That leave would last as long as their employment with Ford, she said.

 

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Societe Generale Plans Offer to Raise EU5.5 Billion

(Bloomberg) -- Societe Generale SA plans to raise 5.5 billion euros ($8 billion) by selling stock at a lower price than analysts estimated to replenish capital after the worst trading loss in banking history.

France's second-biggest bank will sell shares in a rights offer at 47.50 euros each, or 39 percent less than the Feb. 8 closing price, according to a statement today. Analysts had expected a discount of as much as 30 percent. Existing shareholders can buy one share for every four held.

Societe Generale fell as much as 6.3 percent in Paris trading to 72.83 euros. The offer comes less than three weeks after the bank said bets by Jerome Kerviel had led to a 4.9 billion-euro trading loss. Societe Generale said today that net income last year fell to 947 million euros from 5.2 billion euros in 2006.

``This rights issue is a matter of life or death,'' said Pierre Flabbee, an analyst at Kepler Equities in Paris, who has a ``reduce'' rating on the stock. The discount ``doesn't show great confidence in selling the shares,'' he said.

Societe Generale fell 2.60 euros, or 3.4 percent, to 75.12 euros in Paris trading as of 12:50 a.m. The shares have declined 24 percent this year, giving the company a market value of 35 billion euros.

The Paris-based bank said the rights offer will increase its Tier 1 capital ratio, a measure of its ability to cover unexpected losses, from 6.6 percent at the end of December to 8 percent. It will also use the cash for ``sustained and balanced growth,'' maintaining lending in France and expanding in Russia, Eastern and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, India and Brazil.

Earnings Fall

The bank announced the trading loss and 2.05 billion euros of writedowns linked to risky U.S. mortgages on Jan. 24, the same day it estimated that 2007 profit would be between 600 million and 800 million euros. It raised that forecast today after lifting its debt valuation.

Operating income, including the losses that Societe Generale blames on Kerviel, fell to 1.8 billion euros from 8 billion euros in 2006. Today's figures aren't audited. Full results will be announced Feb. 21.

``The net profit figure is anecdotal compared with what's at stake,'' said Benoit de Broissia, a fund manager at Richelieu Finance in Paris, which owns Societe Generale shares.

Societe Generale said the corporate and investment banking units lost 2.22 billion euros in 2007, down from a 2.34 billion euro profit the previous year. It reported gains from private banking and its French and overseas retail-banking networks.

Bouton Stays

Although Societe Generale Chairman Daniel Bouton offered to resign after the trading loss was announced, the board has twice voted to retain him. The 57-year-old, who has been chairman or chief executive officer since 1993, will only step down once the share sale and trading scandal are resolved, said Axel Pierron, Paris-based senior analyst at Celent, a financial research firm.

``They will wait until there is some return to normalcy,'' he said. ``Finding someone with Bouton's experience isn't easy.''

Societe Generale has become a takeover candidate. BNP Paribas SA, France's largest bank, has said it's considering an offer, while the country's No. 3 lender, Credit Agricole SA, appointed advisers to study a bid, people involved in the talks said. While the government has said it wants Societe Generale to remain French, it has no legal means to block a takeover.

`Staying Independent'

The increase in borrowing costs in the past six months might deter bidders from financing an offer, Pierron said.

``If this had happened a year ago it might have been different, but the lack of liquidity in the market may help Societe Generale stay independent,'' Pierron said. ``With the rights issue, it certainly has the means to stay independent.''

Societe Generale said it's aiming for an improvement in gross operating profit of at least 1 billion euros by 2010 and repeated that it will pay a dividend of 45 percent of net income from 2008 to 2010. The ``key strengths and profit-making capacities remain intact,'' it said.

The rights will trade separately on Euronext during the subscription period from Feb. 21 to Feb. 29. The new shares will carry dividend rights from the start of 2008. Each right is worth 5.9 euros, the bank estimated.

``We're going to participate,'' said Neuflize Banque fund manager Emmanuel Soupre, who owns Societe Generale shares. ``Societe Generale's client portfolio remains of high quality.''

The offering, which is guaranteed by investment banks, is lead managed by JPMorgan Chase & Co., Morgan Stanley and Societe Generale's own investment bank. Credit Suisse Group and Merrill Lynch & Co. are co-book runners.

 

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PepsiCo 4th-quarter profit falls

(Reuters) - PepsiCo Inc (PEP.N: Quote, Profile, Research) reported lower quarterly profit on Thursday, hurt by a higher tax rate and a decline in sales volume of carbonated soft drinks.

The company, which makes Pepsi Cola, Frito Lay snacks and Quaker oatmeal, said net income for the fourth quarter ended on December 29 was $1.26 billion, or 77 cents per share, compared with $1.83 billion, or $1.09 per share, a year earlier.

Excluding restructuring charges and tax items, the company earned 80 cents per share.

Last month Pepsi Bottling Group Inc (PBG.N: Quote, Profile, Research), the world's largest bottler of Pepsi drinks, reported flat sales volume in the United States and weaker sales of refrigerated drinks, sold at convenience stores and gas stations.

 

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